PhytoZon
is revolutionary product that comes to us from a
team of 15 Doctors and research Scientists
who travel the world in search of Phytonutrients
that can have a positive impact on our health and
wellness.
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Powerful Ingredients and Science:
The
ingredients in PhytoZon,
many with antioxidant activity, have been
individually shown in multiple peer-reviewed and
published research and clinical studies to
support the following:
INGREDIENT - RNI 249
RNI249
- Is a Patented,
Highly Concentrated Substance:
âRNI249
Is the only known natural substance or
pharmaceutical shown to increase endogenous
IGF-1 in human cells
Research
supported by two National Institutes of Health:
National Institute of Aging and the National
Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal
Disease
Helps Support:
1.
Endogenous IGF-1 Secretion
2. Healthy Aging
RNI 249
is a patented extract from the hypocotyls of the
crucifer Lepidium meyenii (aka "Maca"), a
radish-like tuber cultivated only on the inner
slopes of the Andean Mountains. In a study with
Case Western Reserve University, it has been
shown to increase human cellular production of
IGF-1 and in a clinical trial, together with
Vincaria,
was an effective treatment for osteoporosis.
The
pituitary gland in the brain secretes human
growth hormone (HGH) which in turn signals
(primarily) the liver to produce and secrete
insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Both HGH
and IGF-1 promote whole body growth and their
levels peak during puberty. IGF-1 increases
protein synthesis (muscle growth), bone
mineralization, low blood sugar, kidney function
and insulin sensitivity. It promotes healing and
repair of bone, muscle, nervous system and
immune system cells.
Following
puberty when its levels are at their peak, as we
age, IGF-1 levels precipitously decline such
that by the time we are 60 years old, the levels
have decreased by approximately eighty percent
(80%).
This
natural decline in IGF-1 levels in adulthood,
known as somatopause, is responsible for most of
the signs we associate with aging. These include
but are not limited to altered musculoskeletal
function (e.g. muscle atrophy; associated
decrease in strength; bone calcium
loss/osteoporosis); altered endocrine function
(i.e. a higher incidence of diabetes); altered
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; altered
Integumentary function (e.g. skin thinning,
wrinkles); and, altered neurological function
(e.g. dementia, Alzheimer disease).
To date,
RNI 249 is the only substance, natural or
pharmaceutical, which has been shown to increase
the body's natural production of IGF.
As proof
of principle, researchers subsequently conducted
a human clinical trial, sponsored in part by the
NIH/NIA, in subjects with confirmed
osteoarthritis. Within the 30-day period of the
trial and then for most within seven days, 94%
of the participants had a statistically
significant improvement in mobility and
flexibility and in comparison to the positive
control glucosamine, a marked reduction in pain.
Scientific Studies
-
Barzilai N, Huffman D, Muzumdar R et al:
The Critical Role of Metabolic Pathways
in Aging. Diabetes. 2012.
61(6):1315-1322
-
Bobrowski P (PI): Enhanced IGF-1
Production in Human Cartilage. Grant No.
1R43AG024733-01, US National Institutes
of Health (NIH): National Institute on
Aging & National Institute of Arthritis
and Musculoskeletal Disease. 2004-2005.
-
Bobrowski, PJ: Methods and
compositions to enhance endogenous IGF
production and their use. USPTO No.
8182847: 2012 May 22.
-
Brugts M, Ranke M, Hofland L et al:
Normal Values of Circulating
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Bioactivity
in the Healthy Population: Comparison
with Five Widely Used IGF-I
Immunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2008. 93(7):2539â2545.
-
Gong Z, Kennedy O, Sun H et al:
Reductions in serum IGF-1 during aging
impair health span. Aging Cell. 2014.
13(3):408-18.
-
Juul A, Bang P, Hertel N at al:
Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in
1030 healthy children, adolescents, and
adults: relation to age, sex, stage of
puberty, testicular size, and body mass
index. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994.
78(3):744-52.
-
Mehta K, Gala J, Bhasale S et al:
Comparison of glucosamine sulfate and a
polyherbal supplement for the relief of
osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized
controlled trial [ISRCTN25438351]. BMC
Comp Alt Med. 2007. 7:34.
-
Miller M, Ahmed S, Bobrowski P et al:
The chondroprotective actions of a
natural product are associated with the
activation of IGF-1 production by human
chondrocytes despite the presence of
IL-1beta. BMC Complement Altern Med.
2006. 6:13.
-
Noordam R, Gunn D, Tomlin C et al: Serum
insulin-like growth factor 1 and facial
ageing: high levels associate with
reduced skin wrinkling in a
cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol.
2013. 168(3):533-8.
-
OâNeill C, Kiely A, Coakley M et al:
Insulin and IGF-1 signaling: longevity,
protein homoeostasis and Alzheimerâs
disease. Biochem Soc Trans. 2012.
40(4):721-7.
-
Sandovala M, Okuhama N, Angeles F et al:
Antioxidant activity of the cruciferous
vegetable Maca (Lepidium meyenii). Food
Chemistry, 2002, 79: 207-213. (Download
PDF #10)
-
Sjögren K, Jansson J, Isaksson O et al:
A model for tissue-specific inducible
insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)
inactivation to determine the
physiological role of liver-derived
IGF-I. Endocrine. 2002. 19(3):249-56.
-
Xu S, Gu X, Pan H et al: Reference
ranges for serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3
levels in Chinese children during
childhood and adolescence. Endocr J.
2010. 57(3):221-8.
INGREDIENT - Vincaria
Vincaria
- Is a Patented,
Highly Concentrated Substance:
Clinically
effective: Has been found in a preliminary study
to reduce pain associated with activity in
individuals with osteoarthritis of the knee.
Vincaria
is a patented alkaloid-deplete extract from the
Uncaria species vine shown in human clinical
studies to reduce inflammation and pain
associated with osteoarthritis. Itâs mechanism
of action is regulation of the TNF-alpha, a
cytokine responsible in over 35 inflammatory
pathways, via the NFkB. It also protects the
gastrointestinal tract from NSAID (e.g. aspirin)
induced injury, such as ulcers.
Inflammation is a key element and chronically
active in many diseased states, including
inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, sepsis,
gastritis, asthma, and atherosclerosis. Nuclear
Factor Kappa B (NFkB) is a protein complex found
in most cells that acts as the "on-off" switch
for many genes involved in various types of
inflammation.
Beginning
in 1998, scientists at LSU Medical School and
later Albany Medical College began studying the
two catâs claw species. It was discovered that
UG acts as a powerful anti-inflammatory agent by
regulating TNF alpha, the master "On-Off" switch
in our bodies responsible for over thirty-five
different types of inflammation â from arthritis
to asthma. When alkaloid traces were extracted
and removed from UG, a patented process which
created Vincaria,
it was even more therapeutic.
Subsequently, a clinical trial was conducted in
which a single once-a-day 100 milligram dose of
Vincaria
was effective in ninety percent of patients, the
majority in less than five days. It was then
used as an anti-inflammatory component, both to
promote healthy skeletal, muscular and gastric
health in obesity.
In a separate trial, it was combined with a
natural mineral supplement again successful for
arthritis and later, with RNI 249, a maca
extract, for osteoarthritis of the knee.
Scientific Studies
-
Bobrowski PJ: Methods and
preparations of extracts of Uncaria
species with reduced alkaloid
content. USPTO 6,797,286: Sep 28,
2004.
-
Carvalho M, Penido C, Siani A et al:
Investigations on the
anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic
activities of the leaves of Uncaria
guianensis (Aublet) J. F. Gmelin.
Inflammopharmacology.
2006.14(1-2):48-56.
-
Hunter P. The inflammation
theory of disease: The growing
realization that chronic
inflammation is crucial in many
diseases opens new avenues for
treatment. EMBO Reports. 2012.
13(11):968-970.
-
Hardin SR: Catâs claw: an
Amazonian vine decreases
inflammation in osteoarthritis.
Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2007.
13(1):25-28.
-
Mehta K, Gala J, Bhasale S et al:
Comparison of glucosamine sulfate
and a polyherbal supplement for the
relief of osteoarthritis of the
knee: a randomized controlled trial
[ISRCTN25438351]. BMC Complement
Altern Med. 2007. 7:34.
-
Miller M, Ahmed S, Bobrowski P et al:
Suppression of Human Cartilage
Degradation and Chondrocyte
Activation by a Unique Mineral
Supplement (SierraSilâą) and a Catâs
Claw Extract, VincariaÂź. JANA, 2004,
7(2): 32-39.
-
Miller M, Angeles F, Reuter B et al:
Dietary antioxidants protect gut
epithelial cells from
oxidant-induced apoptosis. BMC
Complement Altern Med. 2001. 1:11.
-
Miller M, Mehta K, Kunte S et al:
Early relief of osteoarthritis
symptoms with a natural mineral
supplement and a herbomineral
combination: a randomized controlled
trial [ISRCTN38432711]. J Inflamm
(Lond). 2005. 2:11.
-
Miller M, Ahmed S, Bobrowski P et al:
The chondroprotective actions of a
natural product are associated with
the activation of IGF-1 production
by human chondrocytes despite the
presence of IL-1beta. BMC Complement
Altern Med. 2006. 6:13.
-
Monaco C, Andreakos E, Kiriakidis S
et al: Canonical pathway of
nuclear factor kappa B activation
selectively regulates
proinflammatory and prothrombotic
responses in human atherosclerosis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004.
13;101(15):5634-9.
-
Piscoya J, Rodriguez Z, Bustamante S
et al: Efficacy and safety of
freeze-dried catâs claw in
osteoarthritis of the knee:
mechanisms of action of the species
Uncaria guianensis. Inflamm Res.
2001.50(9):442-8.
-
Sandoval M, Okuhama NN, Zhang XJ et
al: Anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant activities of catâs claw
(Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria
guianensis) are independent of their
alkaloid content. Phytomedicine.
2002. 9(4):325-37.
-
Urdanibia I, Michelangeli F, Ruiz MC
et al: Anti-inflammatory and
antitumoural effects of Uncaria
guianensis bark. J Ethnopharmacol.
2013. 150(3):1154-62.
INGREDIENTS - Zangrado
and Progrado
Zangrado
& Progrado
- Patented, Highly
Concentrated Substances:
Progrado
and Zangrado
are patented extracts derived from the viscous
red latex of the Croton species tree found
primarily in the South American rainforests and
is sustainably wild-crafted. RNI original
research demonstrated their mechanism of action
as regulating the sensory afferent neurons that
line the internal organs as well as the skin
Both
extracts affect over-stimulated sensory neurons
and signal the central nervous system to
respond. Orally, both Progrado and Zangrado have
been effective in the treatment of nausea and
ulcers with implications for irritable bowel
syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease as
well as other gastrointestinal complaints.
Topically, Zangrado has been shown clinically
effective in reducing pain and itching
associated with insect bites and stings, contact
dermatitis, and plays a cicatrizing role in the
healing process.
Sensory
(afferent) neurons are nerves that respond to
sensation - such as pain and itch - and are
located throughout the body - lining the skin,
organs and lungs. In a sense, coughing is your
body's way of "itching" its lungs.
Additionally, in human cells, Progrado has been
shown to regulate overactive matrix
metalloproteinases, molecular "scissors" from
breaking down cartilage while increasing
cellular IGF-1 levels.
Zangrado
has been used in clinical trials topically to
treat the pain and itch associated with bug
bites and bee stings. It has been used
internally to reduce nausea (emesis), diarrhea
and also itch. Coughing is a method the lungs
use to "itch" themselves so intuitively,
Zangrado
would be effective internally for certain
respiratory conditions. ProgradoÂź has been shown
to affect matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs). These
are the molecular "scissors" that breakdown
cartilage which is normally replaced by new cell
Progrado
thus allows the body to repair itself.
Importantly, as with red wine, the
proanthocyanidins found in Progrado
may offer benefits to the cardiovascular system.
Scientific Studies
-
Bobrowski PJ: Methods and
preparations of extracts of Uncaria
species with reduced alkaloid content.
USPTO 6,797,286: Sep 28, 2004.
-
Carvalho M, Penido C, Siani A et al:
Investigations on the anti-inflammatory
and anti-allergic activities of the
leaves of Uncaria guianensis (Aublet) J.
F. Gmelin. Inflammopharmacology.
2006.14(1-2):48-56.
-
Hunter P. The inflammation theory of
disease: The growing realization that
chronic inflammation is crucial in many
diseases opens new avenues for
treatment. EMBO Reports. 2012.
13(11):968-970.
-
Hardin SR: Catâs claw: an Amazonian
vine decreases inflammation in
osteoarthritis. Complement Ther Clin
Pract. 2007. 13(1):25-28.
-
Mehta K, Gala J, Bhasale S et al:
Comparison of glucosamine sulfate and a
polyherbal supplement for the relief of
osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized
controlled trial [ISRCTN25438351]. BMC
Complement Altern Med. 2007. 7:34.
-
Miller M, Ahmed S, Bobrowski P et al:
Suppression of Human Cartilage
Degradation and Chondrocyte Activation
by a Unique Mineral Supplement
(SierraSilâą) and a Catâs Claw Extract,
VincariaÂź. JANA, 2004, 7(2): 32-39.
-
Miller M, Angeles F, Reuter B et al:
Dietary antioxidants protect gut
epithelial cells from oxidant-induced
apoptosis. BMC Complement Altern Med.
2001. 1:11.
-
Miller M, Mehta K, Kunte S et al:
Early relief of osteoarthritis symptoms
with a natural mineral supplement and a
herbomineral combination: a randomized
controlled trial [ISRCTN38432711]. J
Inflamm (Lond). 2005. 2:11.
-
Miller M, Ahmed S, Bobrowski P et al:
The chondroprotective actions of a
natural product are associated with the
activation of IGF-1 production by human
chondrocytes despite the presence of
IL-1beta. BMC Complement Altern Med.
2006. 6:13.
-
Monaco C, Andreakos E, Kiriakidis S et
al: Canonical pathway of nuclear
factor kappa B activation selectively
regulates proinflammatory and
prothrombotic responses in human
atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A. 2004. 13;101(15):5634-9.
-
Piscoya J, Rodriguez Z, Bustamante S et
al: Efficacy and safety of
freeze-dried catâs claw in
osteoarthritis of the knee: mechanisms
of action of the species Uncaria
guianensis. Inflamm Res.
2001.50(9):442-8.
-
Sandoval M, Okuhama NN, Zhang XJ et al:
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
activities of catâs claw (Uncaria
tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis) are
independent of their alkaloid content.
Phytomedicine. 2002. 9(4):325-37.
-
Urdanibia I, Michelangeli F, Ruiz MC et
al: Anti-inflammatory and
antitumoural effects of Uncaria
guianensis bark. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013.
150(3):1154-62.
INGREDIENT - Lutein
LUTEIN
May increase Macular Pigment Density and Vision
Lutein
(Latin luteus, "yellow") is a carotenoid, a
naturally occurring pigment found in the
photosynthetic energy cells (chloroplasts) of
plants and, in the animals that eat these
plants. Its name is derived from the vegetable
"carrot" to which it gives its typical orange
color. Even the pink color of flamingos and
salmon as well as the red in lobsters is due to
carotenoids. Lutein
is found dominant in some yellow flowers (i.e.
dandelions) and carrots, leafy green vegetables
(i.e. spinach, turnips, collard greens) and is
partially responsible for the coloring seen in
egg yolks. The lighter the yolk color, the less
Lutein
it contains. We often do not recognize Lutein
because it is masked by the "green" in plants
but with the changing of the seasons, the yellow
that are seen in autumn leaves is in fact Lutein.
Lutein
is yellow because it absorbs blue light as well
as solar radiation, protecting the plant's
photosensitive mechanisms. This is extremely
important for humans (as well as other animals)
because it is found concentrated in the macula
and retina, the layer of cells that lines the
inner eye. It therefore protects the eye much as
it protects the plant from harmful light and
radiation. It also acts as an anti-oxidant, a
scavenger or "garbage man" for loose reactive
oxygen molecules that act in the same manner as
oxidation which causes metals to rust.
â There
has been a plethora of peer-reviewed and
published human clinical studies over the past
decade, and beyond, which clearly show that
Lutein
is of significant beneficial to the eyes. It
helps prevent age-related macular degeneration
(AMD) as well as increase visual acuity and
function (myopia, presbyopia), contrast
sensitivity and night vision. It has been
associated with a reduced risk for glaucoma and
cataracts and even retinopathy - retinal damage
seen in premature babies.
Scientific Studies
(1) Meyers KJ, Mares JA, Igo
RP Jr et al: Genetic evidence for role of
carotenoids in age-related macular degeneration
in the Carotenoids in
Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS). Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Jan 29; 55(1):587-99.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346170
(2)
Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)
Research Group, Chew EY, Clemons TE, Sangiovanni
JP et al: Secondary analyses of the effects of
lutein/zeaxanthin on age-related macular
degeneration progression: AREDS2 report No. 3.
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Feb;
132(2):142-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24310343
(3) Wang
JJ, Buitendijk GH, Rochtchina E et al: Genetic
susceptibility, dietary antioxidants, and
long-term incidence of age-related macular
degeneration in two populations. Ophthalmology.
2014 Mar;
121(3):667-75.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290803
(4)
Kesse-Guyot E, Andreeva VA, Ducros V et al:
Carotenoid-rich dietary patterns during midlife
and subsequent cognitive function. Br J Nutr.
2014 Mar 14; 111(5):915-23.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24073964
(5) Zou
ZY, Xu XR, Lin XM et al: Effects of lutein and
lycopene on carotid intima-media thickness in
Chinese subjects with subclinical
atherosclerosis: a randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2014 Feb;
111(3):474-80.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047757
(6)
Slattery ML, Lundgreen A, Wolff RK: Dietary
influence on MAPK-signaling pathways and risk of
colon and rectal cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2013;
65(5):729-38.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859041
(7)
Lorenzoni F, Giampietri M, Ferri G: Lutein
administration to pregnant women with
gestational diabetes mellitus is associated to a
decrease of oxidative stress in newborns.
Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013 Oct;
29(10):901-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808391
(8) Wang
MX, Jiao JH, Li ZY et al: Lutein supplementation
reduces plasma lipid peroxidation and C-reactive
protein in healthy nonsmokers. Atherosclerosis.
2013 Apr;
227(2):380-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23398944
(9) Murray
IJ, Makridaki M, van der Veen RL et al: Lutein
supplementation over a one-year period in early
AMD might have a mild beneficial effect on
visual acuity: the CLEAR study. Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Mar 11; 54(3):1781-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23385792
(10) Yao
Y, Qiu QH, Wu XW et al: Lutein supplementation
improves visual performance in Chinese drivers:
1-year randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study. Nutrition. 2013
Jul-Aug;
29(7-8):958-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23360692
(11) Huang
YM, Yan SF, Ma L et al: Serum and macular
responses to multiple xanthophyll supplements in
patients with early age-related macular
degeneration. Nutrition. 2013 Feb;
29(2):387-92.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312760
(12)
Meinke MC, Friedrich A, Tscherch K et al:
Influence of dietary carotenoids on radical
scavenging capacity of the skin and skin lipids.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2013 Jun;
84(2):365-73.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23246796
(13)
Beatty S, Chakravarthy U, Nolan JM et al:
Secondary outcomes in a clinical trial of
carotenoids with coantioxidants versus placebo
in early age-related macular degeneration.
Ophthalmology. 2013 Mar; 120(3):600-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23218821
(14) Xu
XR, Zou ZY, Xiao X et al: Effects of lutein
supplement on serum inflammatory cytokines, ApoE
and lipid profiles in early atherosclerosis
population. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013 Feb 22;
20(2):170-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154578
(15)
Berrow EJ, Bartlett HE, Eperjesi F et al: The
effects of a lutein-based supplement on
objective and subjective measures of retinal and
visual function in eyes with age-related
maculopathy â a randomized controlled trial. Br
J Nutr. 2013 Jun; 109(11):2008-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23084077
(16) Ros
MM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Kampman E et al:
Plasma carotenoids and vitamin C concentrations
and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer
and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;
96(4):902-10.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952186
(17) Ma L,
Yan SF, Huang YM et al: Effect of lutein and
zeaxanthin on macular pigment and visual
function in patients with early age-related
macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2012 Nov;
119(11):2290-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22858124
(18) Ma L,
Dou HL, Huang YM et al: Improvement of retinal
function in early age-related macular
degeneration after lutein and zeaxanthin
supplementation: a randomized, double-masked,
placebo-controlled trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012
Oct; 154(4):625-634.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22835510
(19)
Giaconi JA, Yu F, Stone KL et al: The
association of consumption of fruits/vegetables
with decreased risk of glaucoma among older
African-American women in the study of
osteoporotic fractures. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012
Oct; 154(4):635-44.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22818906
(20)
Manzoni P, Guardione R, Bonetti P et al: Lutein
and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm very
low-birthweight neonates in neonatal intensive
care units: a multicenter randomized controlled
trial. Am J Perinatol. 2013 Jan; 30(1):25-32.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773282
(21)
Tanito M, Obana A, Gohto Y et al: Macular
pigment density changes in Japanese individuals
supplemented with lutein or zeaxanthin:
quantification via resonance Raman
spectrophotometry and autofluorescence imaging.
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2012 Sep; 56(5):488-96.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699751
(22)
Landrum J, Bone R, Mendez V et al: Comparison of
dietary supplementation with lutein diacetate
and lutein: a pilot study of the effects on
serum and macular pigment. Acta Biochim Pol.
2012;
59(1):167-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428144
(23)
Graydon R, Hogg RE, Chakravarthy U et al: The
effect of lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods v.
supplements on macular pigment level and
serological markers of endothelial activation,
inflammation and oxidation: pilot studies in
healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr. 2012 Jul;
108(2):334-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313522
(24)
Piermarocchi S, Saviano S, Parisi V et al:
Carotenoids in Age-related Maculopathy Italian
Study (CARMIS): two-year results of a randomized
study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012 Mar-Apr;
22(2):216-25.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22009916
(25)
Thyagarajan B, A Meyer K, Smith LJ et al: Serum
carotenoid concentrations predict lung function
evolution in young adults: the Coronary Artery
Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Nov; 94(5):1211-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21918220
(26)
Shvetsov YB, Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR et al:
Plasma micronutrients and the acquisition and
clearance of anal human papillomavirus
infection: the Hawaii HPV cohort study. Cancer
Res. 2010 Dec 1;
70(23):9787-97.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935226
(27)
Berson EL, Rosner B, Sandberg M et al: Clinical
trial of lutein in patients with retinitis
pigmentosa receiving vitamin A. Arch Ophthalmol.
2010 Apr; 128(4):403-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20385935
(28)
Perrone S, Longini M, Marzocchi B et al: Effects
of lutein on oxidative stress in the term
newborn: a pilot study. Neonatology. 2010;
97(1):36-40.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19590244
(29) Cho
H, Kim MK, Lee JK et al: Relationship of serum
antioxidant micronutrients and sociodemographic
factors to cervical neoplasia: a case-control
study. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;
47(8):1005-12.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589102
(30) Ma L,
Lin XM, Zou ZY et al: A 12-week lutein
supplementation improves visual function in
Chinese people with long- term computer display
light exposure. Br J Nutr. 2009 Jul;
102(2):186-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19586568
(31)
McCall DO, McGartland CP, McKinley MC et al:
Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables improves
microvascular function in hypertensive subjects
in a dose-dependent manner. Circulation. 2009
Apr 28;
119(16):2153-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19364976
(32)
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Dietary carotenoids and the risk of invasive
breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2009 Jun 15;
124(12):2929-37.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19330841
(33)
Johnson EJ, McDonald K, Caldarella SM et al:
Cognitive findings of an exploratory trial of
docosahexaenoic acid and lutein supplementation
in older women. Nutr Neurosci. 2008 Apr;
11(2):75-83.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18510807
(34)
Johnson EJ, Chung HY, Caldarella SM et al: The
influence of supplemental lutein and
docosahexaenoic acid on serum, lipoproteins, and
macular pigmentation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;
87(5):1521-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469279
(35)
Dherani M, Murthy GV, Gupta SK et al: Blood
levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and retinol are
inversely associated with cataract in a North
Indian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.
2008 Aug;
49(8):3328-35.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18421094
(36)
Moeller SM, Voland R, Tinker L et al:
Associations between age-related nuclear
cataract and lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet
and serum in the Carotenoids in the Age-Related
Eye Disease Study, an Ancillary Study of the
Womenâs Health Initiative. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008
Mar;
126(3):354-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18332316
(37)
Palombo P, Fabrizi G, Ruocco V et al: Beneficial
long-term effects of combined oral/topical
antioxidant treatment with the carotenoids
lutein and zeaxanthin on human skin: a
double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin
Pharmacol Physiol. 2007; 20(4):199-210.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446716
(38)
Hozawa A, Jacobs DR Jr, Steffes MW et al:
Relationships of circulating carotenoid
concentrations with several markers of
inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial
dysfunction: the Coronary Artery Risk
Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult
Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA)
study. Clin Chem. 2007 Mar; 53(3):447-55.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234732
(39) Zhao
X, Aldini G, Johnson EJ et al: Modification of
lymphocyte DNA damage by carotenoid
supplementation in postmenopausal women. Am J
Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan;
83(1):163-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400064
(40) Kato
I, Ren J, Visscher DW et al: Nutritional
predictors for cellular nipple aspirate fluid:
Nutrition and Breast Health Study. Breast Cancer
Res Treat. 2006 May; 97(1):33-9.
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(41) Coyne
T, Ibiebele TI, Baade PD et al: Diabetes
mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings of a
population-based study in Queensland, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;
82(3):685-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16155284
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Morganti P, Fabrizi G, Bruno C: Protective
effects of oral antioxidants on skin and eye
function. Skinmed. 2004 Nov-Dec; 3(6):310-6.
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Richer S, Stiles W, Statkute L et al:
Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized
trial of lutein and antioxidant supplementation
in the intervention of atrophic age-related
macular degeneration: the Veterans LAST study
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Optometry. 2004 Apr;
75(4):216-30.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15117055
INGREDIENT - Lycopene
Lycopene -
Found in tomatoes, fruits and vegetables, such
as cherries, watermelon, pink grapefruit, red
bell peppers and papayas. There are many fruits
and vegetables such as asparagus and parsley
that also contain lycopene. (Support studies
listed in the Scientific Studies)
Helps Support:
Heart
Health
Prostate Health
Circulatory System Health
Enhanced Antioxidant Activity
The name
"Lycopene" is derived from the Latin Solanum
lycopersicum, the Linnaean name for the common
Tomato. It is the bright red pigment found in
tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables, such
as cherries, watermelon, pink grapefruit, red
bell peppers and papayas. However, there are
many fruits and vegetables such as asparagus and
parsley that contain lycopene yet are not red in
color.
Lycopene
is not water soluble so upon ingestion, it is
incorporated in fat globules in the intestines
and then disseminated. As it permeates the very
low-density lipoproteins in the blood, those
made up of triglycerides and the âbadâ
cholesterol, this may in some way explain its
benefits in preventing/ameliorating
atherosclerosis. Similarly, lycopene
supplementation is associated with enhancing
high density lipoprotein levels (the âgoodâ
cholesterol) and reducing blood pressure so in
general, acts effectively on the cardiovascular
system.
As it is
hydrophobic, Lycopene primarily ends up residing
in fatty tissues and organs, such as the
prostate. Thus, it is logical and has been shown
in studies to reduce prostate symptoms, PSA
levels and perhaps, the risk of prostate cancer
itself. Additionally, its concentration in the
fatty tissues, such as the testes, could explain
its effects on male fertility and
spermatogenesis.
There are
several studies that have shown it is effective
in some types of inflammation; that it may
reduce the risk and severity osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women; and even, could play a
role in reduce the risk of macular degeneration.
There are some studies indicating that Lycopene
can reduce the risk associated with UV damage
from Sun overexposure which is consistent with
the role it plays in skin pigmentation.
Lycopene
is probably best known from larger studies
reporting the benefits of normal tomato
consumption - such as the reduction of
cardiovascular incidents and increased quality
and span of life as seen in the Mediterranean
diet. While it is true that a higher level of
serum Lycopene is associated with a healthy
lifestyle, it is interesting to note that one
study reported that in a subgroup with high
lycopene levels, the reverse was found: poor
health parameters.
Further
review revealed that in this subgroup, the main
source of Lycopene was in fact from ketchup.
This group relied heavily on fast food
restaurants for sustenance so while their levels
were higher, their general lifestyle negated any
perceived benefits.
Scientific Studies
-
Agarwal S, Rao A: Tomato lycopene
and low density lipoprotein oxidation: a
human dietary intervention study.
Lipids. 1998. 33(10):981-4.
-
Burton-Freeman B, Talbot J, Park E et al:
Protective activity of processed tomato
products on postprandial oxidation and
inflammation: a clinical trial in
healthy weight men and women. Mol Nutr
Food Res. 2012. 56(4):622-31.
-
Chen J, Song Y, Zhang L:
Lycopene/tomato consumption and the risk
of prostate cancer: a systematic review
and meta-analysis of prospective
studies. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).
2013. 59(3):213-23.
-
Devaraj S, Mathur S, Basu A et al: A
dose-response study on the effects of
purified lycopene supplementation on
biomarkers of oxidative stress. J Am
Coll Nutr. 2008. 27(2):267-73.
-
Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Sorrenti V et
al: Oxidative and antioxidant status
in plasma of runners: effect of oral
supplementation with natural
antioxidants. J Med Food. 2009.
12(1):145-50.
-
Garrido M, GonzĂĄlez-Flores D, Marchena
AM et al: A lycopene-enriched virgin
olive oil enhances antioxidant status in
humans. J Sci Food Agric. 2013.
93(8):1820-6.
-
Hadley C, Clinton S, Schwartz S: The
consumption of processed tomato products
enhances plasma lycopene concentrations
in association with a reduced
lipoprotein sensitivity to oxidative
damage. J Nutr. 2003. 133(3):727-32.
-
Hozawa A, Jacobs D Jr, Steffes M et al:
Relationships of circulating carotenoid
concentrations with several markers of
inflammation, oxidative stress, and
endothelial dysfunction: the Coronary
Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
(CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends
in Antioxidants (YALTA) study. Clin
Chem. 2007. 53(3):447-55.
-
Kim JY, Paik JK, Kim OY et al:
Effects of lycopene supplementation on
oxidative stress and markers of
endothelial function in healthy men.
Atherosclerosis. 2011. 215(1):189-95.
-
Maruyama C, Imamura K, Oshima S et al:
Effects of tomato juice consumption on
plasma and lipoprotein carotenoid
concentrations and the susceptibility of
low density lipoprotein to oxidative
modification. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol
(Tokyo). 2001. 47(3):213-21.
-
Paran E, Novack V, Engelhard YN et al:
The effects of natural antioxidants from
tomato extract in treated but
uncontrolled hypertensive patients.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2009.
23(2):145-51.
-
Riccioni G, Scotti L, Di Ilio E et al:
Lycopene and preclinical carotid
atherosclerosis. J Biol Regul Homeost
Agents. 2011. 25(3):435-41
-
Schwarz S, ObermĂŒller-Jevic U, Hellmis E
et al: Lycopene inhibits disease
progression in patients with benign
prostate hyperplasia. J Nutr. 2008.
138(1):49-53.
-
Shen YC, Chen SL, Wang CK:
Contribution of tomato phenolics to
antioxidation and down-regulation of
blood lipids. J Agric Food Chem. 2007.
8;55(16):6475-81.
-
Silaste ML, Alfthan G, Aro A et al:
Tomato juice decreases LDL cholesterol
levels and increases LDL resistance to
oxidation. Br J Nutr. 2007.
98(6):1251-8.
-
Torbergsen A, Collins A: Recovery of
human lymphocytes from oxidative DNA
damage; the apparent enhancement of DNA
repair by carotenoids is probably simply
an antioxidant effect. Eur J Nutr. 2000.
39(2):80-5.
-
Tyssandier V, Feillet-Coudray C,
Caris-Veyrat C et al: Effect of
tomato product consumption on the plasma
status of antioxidant microconstituents
and on the plasma total antioxidant
capacity in healthy subjects. J Am Coll
Nutr. 2004. 23(2):148-56.
-
Visioli F, Riso P, Grande S et al:
Protective activity of tomato products
on in vivo markers of lipid oxidation.
Eur J Nutr. 2003. 42(4):201-6.
-
Xaplanteris P, Vlachopoulos C, Pietri P
et al: Tomato paste supplementation
improves endothelial dynamics and
reduces plasma total oxidative status in
healthy subjects. Nutr Res. 2012.
32(5):390-4.
-
Zhang X, Wang Q, Neil B et al: Effect
of lycopene on androgen receptor and
prostate-specific antigen velocity. Chin
Med J (Engl). 2010. 123(16):2231-6.
-
Zou ZY, Xu XR, Lin XM et al:
Effects of lutein and lycopene on
carotid intima- media thickness in
Chinese subjects with subclinical
atherosclerosis: a randomised,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Br J Nutr. 2014. 111(3):474-80.
INGREDIENT - Astragalus
Astragalus - (Astragalus membranaceus) root,
also known as Milkvetch, has been used as a
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for over
2,000 years. While it has be traditionally used
to protect the liver, for aging, stress and the
heart, date reveals that it may be effective in
enhancing the immune system.
Helps Support:
1. Immune
System
2. Healthy Immune Cell Function
3. May help reduce seasonal allergies
Scientific Studies
-
Bao-Mei S, Xu W, Dai H et al: A
study on the immune receptors for
polysaccharides from the roots of
Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese
medicinal herb. Biochem Biophys Res
Comm. 2004. 1103â1111.
-
Block K, Mead M: Immune System
Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and
Astragalus: A Review. Int Cancer Ther.
2003. 2(3):247-267.
-
Boroujerdnia M, Azemi M, Hemmati A et al:
Immunomodulatory Effects of Astragalus
gypsicolus Hydroalcoholic Extract in
Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Mice Model.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011.
10(4):281-288.
-
Brush J, Mendenhall E, Guggenheim A et
al: The effect of Echinacea
purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus and
Glycyrrhiza glabra on CD69 expression
and immune cell activation in humans.
Phytother Res. 2006. 20(8):687-95.
-
Jiang D, Wang X, Su Q et al:
Milkvetch root improves immune function
in patients with acute exacerbation of
COPD. Biomed Mater Eng. 2015. S2113-21.
-
Mao S, Cheng K, Zhou Y: [Modulatory
effect of Astragalus membranaceus on
Th1/Th2 cytokine in patients with herpes
simplex keratitis]. [Article in Chinese]
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi.
2004. 24(2):121-3.
-
Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M et al:
Efficacy and safety of Astragalus
membranaceus in the treatment of
patients with seasonal allergic
rhinitis. Phytother Res. 2010.
24(2):175-81.
-
Shih-Ming C, Tsai y, Lee S et al:
Astragalus membranaceus modulates Th1/2
immune balance and activates PPARÎł in a
murine asthma model. Biochemistry and
Cell Biology. 2014. 92(5):397-405.
-
Su G, Chen X, Liu Z et al:
Oral Astragalus (Huang qi) for
preventing frequent episodes of acute
respiratory tract infection in children.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
2015. 11:CD011958.
-
Zwickey H, Brush J, Iacullo C et al:
The effect of Echinacea purpurea,
Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza
glabra on CD25 expression in humans: a
pilot study. Phytother Res. 2007.
21(11):1109-12.
INGREDIENT - Vinpocetine
Coming Soon
INGREDIENT - Piperine
Piperine -
Is a purified extract from the fruit of Black
and Long Peppers (Piper nigrum and Piper
longum), a generally recognized as safe (GRAS)
lipophilic ("fat soluble") alkaloid that is
responsible for pepper's pungency ("spiciness").
Helps Support:
Increased Nutrient Absorption
It is a
part of Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of
India, dating back well over two thousand years
ago, and one of its most widely used herbs in
two-thirds of all Ayurvedic prescriptions.
Together with the pungent alkaloids found in
other spices like garlic, ginger, licorice and
turmeric, it increases the bioavailabilty of
coadministered substances such as vitamins,
minerals, dietary supplements and pharmaceutics.
âPiperine
acts as "bioenhancer" of various substances.
Current published studies have shown that it
significantly increases the absorption and
bioavailabilty of vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9,
B12, C), minerals (iodine, calcium, iron, zinc,
copper, selenium, magnesium, potassium,
manganese), amino acids (lysine, isoleucine,
leucine, threonine, valine, tryptophan,
phenylalanine, methionine), herbal compounds
(curcumin, ginsenosides, quercetin, coenzyme
Q10, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate from
green tea, pycnogenol), and drugs (such as
ibuprofen, diclofenac, rifampicin, ampicillin,
tetracycline, pyrazinamide, fexofenadine). For
example, it has been shown to increase curcumin
levels by 2000%.
Drugs,
supplements and nutrients taken by mouth (as
opposed to intravenous, sublingual, intranasal,
transdermal, buccal) are affected by "first pass
metabolism." Essentially, they are degraded by
digestion in the stomach and intestines by acids
and enzymes; significantly altered in the liver;
and, excreted. This affects their bioavailabilty
- the amount of the substance that actually ends
up in circulation - in the blood.
For
example, cannabidiol (CBD) is 34-46%
bioavailable intranasally; 40% when vaporized;
but, approximately 6-9% when taken orally: so,
for every 100mg ingested, only 9mg is available
for use. Orally, aspirin is 68%, Zolpidem (i.e.
Ambien)
67%, diphenhydramine (e.g. Benadryl)
40-60%, ACE inhibitors (e.g. Benazepril/Lotensin)
37% and statins (i.e. Simvastatin/Zocor)
only 5% capable of being used by the body.
The
bioavailabilty of a substance is based on four
different processes: (1) conversion: enzymes in
the gut breakdown the substance into something
much less active; (2) absorption: shuttling the
substance to the intestines where they can be
transferred to the blood thru the intestinal
lining; (3) exclusion: removing substances from
the cells that cannot be used; and, (4)
solubility: adding to the substance to make it
unable to enter the cells. Piperine has the
ability to affect all of these processes.
Piperine
inhibits the enzymes in the gut and intestines
that breakdown/metabolize and convert drugs and
nutritive substances. It stimulates the activity
of amino-acid transporters in the intestinal
lining. It inhibits p-glycoprotein, the âpumpâ
protein that removes substances from cells and
it decreases the intestinal production of
glucuronic acid, thereby permitting more of the
substances to enter the body in active form.
Consequently, some of these substances are able
to reach, enter, and remain within their target
cells for longer periods of time than would
otherwise be the case. Therefore, Piperine can
sometimes turn a marginally effective
therapeutic substance into a highly effective
one simply by increasing its bioavailability and
intracellular residency.
Scientific Studies
-
Ahmad, N, Fazal H, Abbasi B et al:
Khan, M.A. (2012) Biological Role of
Piper nigrum L. (Black Pepper): A
Review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed,
2010, 5:1945-1953.
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a potential bioavailability enhancer
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Allameh A, Saxena M, Biswas G et al:
Piperine, a plant alkaloid of the
piper species, enhances the
bioavailability of aflatoxin B1 in
rat tissues. Cancer Lett. 1992 Jan
31;61(3):195-9.
-
Alodeani E, Arshad M, Izhari M:
Drug likeness and physicochemical
properties evaluation of the
alkaloids found in black pepper:
piperine, piperidine, piperettine
and piperanine. Eur J Pharm Med Res,
2015, 2(6), 296-301.
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Alvarez-Berdugo D, Jiménez M, Clavé
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Ayur Integ Med 2010. 1:96â9.
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Atal C, Dubey R, Singh J:
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232(1):258â62.
-
Atal K, Zutshi U, Rao P:
Scientific evidence on the role of
Ayurvedic herbals on bioavailability
of drugs. J Ethnopharm 1981. 4(2):
229-32.
-
Badmaev V, Majeed M, Norkus E:
Piperine, an alkaloid derived from
black pepper increases serum
response of beta-carotene during
14-days of oral beta-carotene
supplementation. Nutri Res. 1999,
19(3): 381â388.
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Badmaev V, Majeed M, Prakash L:
Piperine derived from black pepper
increases the plasma levels of
coenzyme Q10 following oral
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2000; 11(2):109â113.
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1. Bajad S,
Bedi K, Singla A et al: Piperine
inhibits gastric emptying and
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-
2. Bano G,
Amla V, Raina R et al: The effect of
piperine on pharmacokinetics of
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Planta Medica. 1987, 53(6): 568â569.
-
3. Bano G,
Raina R, Zutshi U et al: Effect of
piperine on bioavailability and
pharmacokinetics of propranolol and
theophylline in healthy volunteers.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol.
1991;41(6):615-7.
-
Bedada S, Boga P, Kotakonda H: Study
on influence of piperine treatment
on the pharmacokinetics of
diclofenac in healthy volunteers.
Xenobiotica. 2017, 47(2):127-132.
-
Bhardwaj K, Glaeser H, Becquemont L
et al: Piperine, a major constituent
of black pepper, inhibits human
P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharm
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-
Cai L, Liu J, Li L et al: [Effect of
piperine on metabolism and
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-
Chopra B, Dhingra A, Kapoor R et al:
Piperine and Its Various
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Dama M, Varshneya C, Dardi M et al:
Effect of trikatu pretreatment on
the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin
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Mar;9(1):25-9.
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Desai S, Gawali V, Naik A et al:
Potentiating effect of piperine on
hepatoprotective activity of
Boerhaaviadiffusa to combat
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2008, 4:393-397.
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Di X, Wang X, Di X et al: Effect of
piperine on the bioavailability and
pharmacokinetics of emodin in rats.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015 Nov,
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-
Dubey R, Leeners B, Imthurn B et al:
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to Human Plasma and Increases Uptake
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Dudhatra G, Mody S, Awale M et al: A
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Feng X, Liu Y, Wang X et al: Effects
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Janakiraman K, Manavalan R: Studies
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-
Jamwal D, Singh J: Effects of
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Johnson J, Nihal M, Siddiqui I et
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Johri R, Thusu N, Khajuria A et al:
Piperine mediated changes in the
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Kang M, Cho J, Shim B et al:
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Kasibhatta R, Naidu M: Influence of
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Karan R, Bhargava V, Garg S: Effect
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Khajuria A, Thusu N, Zutshi U:
Piperine modulates permeability
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Khajuria A, Zutshi U, Bedi K:
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Khan I, Mirza Z, Kumar A et al:
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Khan Z, Moni F, Sharmin S et al:
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